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Basic fundamentals and rules of civil engineering.
A substance that flows is called as fluid. All liquid and gaseous substances are considered to be fluids. Water, oil, and others are very important in our day-to-day life as they are used for various applications. For instance water is used for generation of electricity in hydroelectric power plants and thermal power plants, water is also used as the coolant in nuclear power plants, oil is used for the lubrication of automobiles etc. Fluid Mechanics is the branch of science that studies the behavior of fluids when they are in state of motion or rest. Whether the fluid is at rest or motion, it is subjected to different forces and different climatic conditions and it behaves in these conditions as per its physical properties. Fluid mechanics deals with three aspects of the fluid: static, kinematics, and dynamics aspects: 1) Fluid statics: The fluid which is in state of rest is called as static fluid and its study is called as fluid statics. 2) F...
SOIL AND SOIL ENGINEERING Soils are one of Earth's essential natural resources, yet they are often taken for granted. Most people do not realize that soils are a living, breathing world supporting nearly all terrestrial life. Soils and the functions they play within an ecosystem vary greatly from one location to another as a result of many factors, including differences in climate, the animal and plant life living on them, the soil's parent material, the position of the soil on the landscape, and the age of the soil. Scientists, engineers, farmers, developers and other professionals consider a soil's physical and chemical characteristics, moisture content and temperature to make decisions such as: Where is the best place to build a building? What types of crops will grow best in a particular field? Will the basement of a house flood when it rains? How can the quality of the groundwater in the area be improved? Using the data collected in the GLO...
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